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Preface.

I need hardly say that this little volume offers no novelty beyond introducing to the English reader the valuable results of Etruskische Forschungen in modern Italy. It can hardly be termed uncalled for. The discovery of the Bolognese Certosa which took place some six years ago, requires, for study, reference to a number of pamphlets and scattered letters, which we must not expect to see in our libraries. Other finds, noticed in Etruscan Bologna, are even less accessible; and even my own list is not quite complete.

Like the Gipsy dialect, the Etruscan tongue has fascinated a host of scholars. The latest result is a belief that in it we have a waif of one of those many extinct families of speech which have gone to

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build up the languages of the present world (Sayce). For the moment we can only say that the problems of its origin and its position have not been solved; that some Italic vocables have been detected, or rather guessed, and that there are, perhaps, a few Turanian affinities, possibly derived from Finnish, and pointing, haply, to an age when the Aryan limits were not definitively laid down. Some day, as linguistic science is in despair, we may bring to light a long bilingual inscription, that will prove a veritable Rosetta Stone. Hitherto, the only keys applied to the ethnology of the mysterious race, which taught Rome her arts and arms, have been glottology and comparative philology, while not a little violence has accompanied the application. In this volume, however, we shall find Professor Calori, to mention no others, searching the sepulchres, and supplementing linguistic by craniological and other physiological studies.

Finally, Etruscan Bologna attempts for the first time to describe the Northeastern, which may be the eldest, Etrurian Confederation, while the

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works of Dennis and other notable English authorities treat mainly, if not only, of Middle Etruria, almost corresponding with modern Tuscany.

I must again conclude with my old apology for minor sins of omission and commission ‑‑ the single revise excuse.

Richard F. Burton.

Haydarábád (Dekhan):

March 4, 1876.

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Contents.

Part I.

The Works Of Man.

Section Page

I. New Bologna . . . . . . . . 3

II. Old Bologna . . . . . . . . 14

III. Public Collections Of Etruscan Antiquities At Bologna . . . 21

IV. Private Collections, Especially The Villanova . . . . 48

Part II.

The Abodes Of Man.

I. Various Finds . . . . . . . . 79

II. Further Afield, The Certosa And Casalecchio . . . . 93

III. To Marzabotto, Misanello, And Misano . . . . . 107

IV. Conclusions . . . . . . . . 137

Part III.

The Etruscan Man.

I. The Etruscan Man . . . . . . . 149

II. The Etruscan Man (Continued) . . . . . . 163

III. Craniology . . . . . . . . 175

IV. Professor Calori . . . . . . . . 187

V. The Etruscan Language . . . . . . . 212

VI. Inscriptions . . . . . . . . 233

VII. Modern Bolognese Tongue . . . . . . 242

Appendix . . . . . . . . 263

Index . . . . . . . . . 271

Synoptical Table Of The Paleoethnological Remains Of Central Italy . . To face title

ERRATA

Page 71, line 28, for M. F. Max Müller's theory, read M. F. Max Müller himself

Page 189, line 23, for Dion Halicarnassus, read Dion. Halicarnassius

Page 258, line 19, for Se n' andato, read El xe andà